​Natural Disasters

Sources

 

• Farleigh Dickinson University

• Save Salt River Bay

• University of Virgin Islands

• U.S. National Park Service (St. Croix)

 

References (West Indies Lab)

• ​[i] Thomas McNamee, “Island Dreams: Human Nature is the least predictable element in a battle for the last pristine ecosystem on Saint Croix,” Natural History, May 1988, p.8.  http://www.doi.gov/oia/saltriver/documents/upload/67-1998_IslandDreams_McNamee_May_1998.pdf

• [ii] David Stout, “Obituary: Fairleigh S. Dickinson, Jr., 86, Who Helped Save the Meadowlands,” The New York Times, October 17, 1996; Thomas McNamee, “Island Dreams: Human Nature is the least predictable element in a battle for the last pristine ecosystem on Saint Croix,” Natural History, May 1988, http://www.doi.gov/oia/saltriver/

  documents/upload/67-1998_IslandDreams_McNamee_May_1998.pdf

• [iii] Keith R. Benson and Philip F. Rehbock, eds.  Oceanographic History: The Pacific and Beyond, Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on the History of Oceanography (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002), 453; “Dedication-West Indies Laboratory,” Fairleigh Dickinson University Magazine, 1973, 13-16.

• [iv] Created November 30, 2014, with Google Maps.

• [v] Interview with Elizabeth Gladfelter.  November 4, 2014.

• [vi] Shared on the “West Indies Lab Alumni” Facebook page.

• [vii]Benson and Rehbock, 453-455.

• [viii] “Outside at the West Indies Laboratory,” Fairleigh Dickinson University History, Fairleigh Dickinson University Digital Archives, http://cdm16322.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/search/searchterm/Indies.

• [ix] McNamee.

• [x] The quote “internationally prominent laboratory” was taken from the following article: “Year of Classes Cancelled at Marine Lab,” New York Times, May 2, 1990.

• [xi] NOAA Photo Library, “HYDROLAB scientists were among the first to note die-off of the Diadema urchin,” http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/htmls/nur08036.htm.

• [xii] Fairleigh Dickinson Plans Cutbacks to Stem Deficit,” New York Times, December 16, 1984.

• [xiii] Anthony DePalmas, “Its Boom Years Over, a School Regroups,” The New York Times, April 8, 1989.

• [xiv] Interview with Elizabeth Gladfelter.  November 4, 2014.

• [xv] A College Succeeds in St. Croix,” New York Times. July 21, 1985. http://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/21/nyregion/a-college-succeeds-in-st-croix.html

• [xvi] Interview with Elizabeth Gladfelter. November 4, 2014.

• [xvii] “Etu VS. Fairleigh Dickinson University West Indies Laboratory,” 1986. http://www.leagle.com/decision/1986925635FSupp290_1860.xml/ETU%20v.%20FAIRLEIGH%20DICKINSON%20UNIVERSITY%20WEST%20INDIES%20LABORATORY

• [xviii] Carol M. Cannon and Ellen Warren, “Reagan Seeks AIDs Report But Budget Cuts Funding,” The Inquirer, February 6, 1986.

• [xix] Robert Reinhold, “Reagan’s Plans on Research Cuts Are Said to Aim at ‘Soft Sciences,’” The New York Times, February 9, 1981.

• [xx] “U.S. Halves Proposed Cut in Research Funds,” New York Times, June 3, 1986.

• [xxi] This “West- East Divide” is difficult to appropriately summarize in just a couple sentences, as an entire article could be written on this topic alone.   In addition, I have not done enough research to do justice to this complex, sensitive topic..  I am not sure when the West- East Divide began or why, but it is clear from conversations with residents and in reading articles (especially in the aftermath of Hurricane Hugo) that this divide is real and taken seriously on St. Croix.  Conservations with St. Croix residents during our trip to the island on October 4-11, 2014 often implicitly or explicitly centered on race and other issues of identification.

• [xxii] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “Natural Disaster Survey Report: Hurricane Hugo, September 10-22, 1989,” May 1990, 19, http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/assessments/pdfs/hugo1.pdf.

• [xxiii] McNamee.

• [xxiv] Shared on the “West Indies Lab Alumni” Facebook page.

• [xxv] Shared on the “West Indies Lab Alumni” Facebook page.

• [xxvi] On both Saturday and Sunday, Elizabeth Gladfelter also held a series of discussions concerning hurricane “action plans” with staff, faculty, and students.  These included the brainstorming of various scenarios and the nomination of  “room captains” who would be in charge of making decisions during the hurricane.

• [xxvii] John Bythell’s personal log, “Hurricane Hugo 17-18 September 1989 St. Croix ,” Shared on “West Indies Laboratory Alumni” page on Facebook, 2010.

• [xxiii] Cheri R. Grand, “FDU’s St. Croix Lab Devastated: Damage Worse Than First Reported; Students Evacuated,” The Equinox, Fairleigh Dickinson University, September 28, 1989.

• [xxix] McNamee; Interview with Elizabeth Gladfelter. November 4, 2014.

• [xxx] “NJ School May Shut Down Research Unit Hit By Storm” New York Times, April 18, 1990.

• [xxxi] “Year of Classes Cancelled at Marine Lab,” New York Times, May 2, 1990.

• [xxxii] “Year of Classes Cancelled at Marine Lab,” New York Times, May 2, 1990.

• [xxxiii] McNamee.

• [xxxiv] McNamee;

  • for more on Nadia de Navarro Farber, see: Olivia Burne, “Belle Terre’s Contessa Leaves the Pink House,” April 23, 2014, http://www.northshoreoflongisland.com/Articles-News-i-2014-04-17-99198.112114-sub-Belle-Terres-contessa-leaves-the-pink-house.html;

  • for more on Sid Farber, the deceased husband of Nadia and uncle of Mr.Farber mentioned in the text, see the following: “Sid Farber, Builder of Homes and L.I. Industrial Buildings,” November 28, 1985, http://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/28/us/sid-farber-builder-of-homes-and-li-industrial-buildings.html.

• [xxxv] McNamee.

• [xxxvi] A College Succeeds in St. Croix,” New York Times. July 21, 1985.

• [xxxvii] McNamee.

• [xxxviii] Interview with Elizabeth Gladfelter. November 4, 2014.

• [xxxix] Interview with Elizabeth Gladfelter. November 4, 2014.

• [xl] Karen Koltes, “Building a New Marine Institute as a Federal-State-Territorial Partnership, Salt River Bay Marine Research and Education Center: Briefing Paper to Highlight Current Activities and Initiatives, For the 2012 Senior Plenary Session of the Interagency Group on Insular Areas,” National Park Service, February 2012, http://www.doi.gov/oia/igia/2012/upload/18-Interior-and-JICMS-Salt-River-Bay-Federal-State-Territorial-Partnership-USVI.pdf

• [xli] Interview with Margaret Boller, principal organizer and website developer for the group “Save Salt River Bay,” November 18, 2014; Website: “Save Salt River Bay,” November 2014.  http://www.savesaltriverbay.net.

 

 

Individuals Interviewed by the Group

• Michael Bayer

  • Senior Planner with Environmental Resources Management, Annapolis, MD; Project Manager for the MREC at Salt River Bay

• ​​Rich Berey

  • Former Director of NOAA's Aquarius operations when it was deployed in St. Croix; involved in efforts to develop a new marine lab on St. Croix; currently a marine consultant

• Margaret Boller

  • President and Founder of Eclipse Marketing Services, Morristown, NJ; principal organizer and website developer for the group “Save Salt River Bay"

• Chenzira Davis-Kahina

  • Director of the Virgin Islands & Caribbean Cultural Center and Professor of Social Science, University of the Virgin Islands

• Elizabeth Gladfelter

  • Former faculty member and Director of the West Indies Laboratory

• Olasee Davis

  • Professor, University of the Virgin Islands Cooperative Extension Services; Ecologist and historian

• Frandelle Gerard

  • Executive Director of Crucian Heritage and Nature Tourism (CHANT; http://www.chantvi.org/ ), with extensive experience in business, insurance and real estate

• David Goldstein

  • Anthropologist/Archaeologist who works for the National Park Service on St. Croix; involved in current efforts to develop a marine lab at Salt River

• Luca and Christina Gaspari

  • Owners of ARTfarm LLC, a local farm and art gallery

• Robert Godfrey

  • Director, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of the Virgin Islands

• Dennis Hubbard

  • Current faculty member at Oberlin College; Former faculty member at the West Indies Laboratory

• Nate Olive

  • Owner of Ridge to Reef Organic Farm

• Karla Parsons-Hubbard

  • Current faculty member at Oberlin College; former graduate student and postdoctoral associate at the West Indies Laboratory

• Zandy Hillis-Starr

  • Chief of Resource Management for National Park Service on St. Croix; involved in current efforts to develop a marine lab at Salt River

• Henry Tonnemacher

  • Former diving supervisor at the West Indies Lab; involved in efforts to develop a new marine lab on St. Croix; currently a marine consultant

• Three anonymous people from the continental US and one from Australia currently residing in St. Croix and working in the marine tourism industry

• Representatives of a group of people opposed to construction of a Marine Research and Education Center at Salt River because of stated ecological concerns.